When publishing a map document/dataset/layer, your data frame/dataset/layer's spatial reference (coordinate system) is different than the spatial reference required by the chosen tiling scheme. All tiling schemes are associated with a certain spatial reference. Your data frame/dataset/layer's spatial reference must match the spatial reference of your tiling scheme in order for tiles to be created.
Solution
For a map document, change the coordinate system of the data frame to the same coordinate system used in the tiling scheme. For guidance on setting the data frame's coordinate system, see setting the coordinate system for a data frame.
- For a dataset/layer, use the ArcGIS Online / Bing Maps / Google Maps tiling scheme or use a tiling scheme that has the same spatial reference as the dataset or layer.
- Use the Suggest option in the tiling scheme to define custom scale levels.
More information
If you are using the ArcGIS Online / Google Maps / Bing Maps tiling scheme, this spatial reference is WGS 1984 Web Mercator (Auxiliary Sphere). If you are using a tiling scheme file, then the spatial reference is that of the data frame of the map from which you originally created the tiling scheme.