Add entities and relationships missing from the link chart

As you explore entities and relationships in a link chart associated with a knowledge graph, connections that exist between entities of interest may not be apparent because entities and relationship between the entities of interest are not present on the link chart. Operations allow you to add the missing graph items and reveal how entities are connected to each other.

You can use one of the following options to add graph items to a link chart to show how entities are associated:

• The Connect tools allow you to add relationships that directly connect two entities present in the link chart. Whichever option you choose, the analysis is performed and the appropriate records are added to the link chart.
• The Find Paths button allows you to add both entities and relationships that exist along the shortest paths that connect two entities present in the link chart. Entities and relationships along the shortest paths are selected.
• The Filtered Find Paths button allows you to add entities and relationships that exist along shortest paths that connect two specific entities and satisfy all specified conditions.

These operations are detailed in the sections below.

Whichever option you choose, the analysis is performed and the appropriate graph items are added to the link chart.

Connect

When you add a relationship to a link chart, the relationship is added along with its origin entity and its destination entity. However, when you add entities to a link chart, their relationships and related entities are not added automatically. Two entities may participate in a relationship that exists in the knowledge graph but where the relationship is missing in the link chart. The Connect operations adds these missing relationships. Only single relationships that exist between two entities on the link chart are added.

There are two Connect operations:

• Connect From adds all relationships from the selected entities to any other entity on the link chart, regardless if it is selected or not.
• Connect Between adds all relationships between the selected entities.

The Connect From operation evaluates all relationships of all types in which the selected entities participate. Each relationship is then evaluated against the link chart to determine whether the entity at the other end of the relationship, either the origin or the destination, is also present in the link chart (including unselected entities). If both entities are present in the link chart and the relationship isn't present, the missing relationship is added to the link chart.

The Connect Between operation also evaluates all relationships of all types in which the selected entities participate. Each relationship is then evaluated against the selected entities in the link chart to determine whether the entity at the other end of the relationship is present and selected in the link chart.

1. In a link chart, select the entities you want to evaluate to determine whether any relationships are missing.
   • Use the interactive selection tools in the canvas toolbar to select entities and relationships on the link chart.
   • Press the Ctrl key while clicking the entities and relationships to add.
   • Click Select All on the canvas toolbar.
   • Select records in the link chart sublayer record table.
   • Press the Ctrl key while clicking the entities and relationships to deselect them.
   • Use the Selection Manager to deselect records.
   • Click anywhere on the link chart to deselect all entities and relationships.
2. On the context toolbar, click Analysis Tools.
3. Under the Connect section, select one of the following options:
   • Click Connect From to add relationships from the selected entity to any other entity in the link chart.
   • Click Connect Between to add relationships between the selected entities.

   Missing relationships are retrieved from the knowledge graph and added to the link chart. The originally selected graph items are deselected. The added relationships are selected.

   Because the added relationships are selected, it can be difficult to see the relationship types.

4. Optionally, clear the selection and zoom in to explore the added relationships.

Find paths between entities

The Find Paths operation examines selected entities to determine whether they are connected by a series of relationships through other entities that may not be present in the link chart. All entities and relationships necessary to describe all shortest paths are added to the link chart.

This algorithm only processes selected entities. A minimum of 2 entities and a maximum of 10 entities can be selected in the link chart.

The algorithm searches for the shortest paths between each pair of selected entities, where a shortest path is the shortest sequence of relationships through which two entities are connected. There can be many shortest paths between two entities. Consider the following scenario:

• Jane is connected to Sara because Jane sold her house, Sara bought the house, and they used the same real estate agent.
• Jane is connected to Sara because they both have friends who own old cars and entered those cars in the same car show.
• Jane and Sara are connected because they went to the same school at different times.

In this scenario, the path through the real estate agent and the path through the school are both shortest paths and are added to the link chart. The Find Paths operation determines the length of a shortest path and retrieves all solutions for all shortest paths from the knowledge graph. All entities and relationships that occur along all shortest paths are added to the link chart and selected.

To determine the shortest paths between entities in the link chart, complete the following steps:

1. In a link chart, select the entities you want to evaluate to determine whether any relationships are missing.
   • Use the interactive selection tools in the canvas toolbar to select entities and relationships on the link chart.
   • Press the Ctrl key while clicking the entities and relationships to add.
   • Click Select All on the canvas toolbar.
   • Select records in the link chart sublayer record table.
   • Press the Ctrl key while clicking the entities and relationships to deselect them.
   • Use the Selection Manager to deselect records.
   • Click anywhere on the link chart to deselect all entities and relationships.
2. Click Analysis Tools in the context toolbar.
3. Click Find Paths from the drop down menu.

   Entities and relationships representing the shortest paths between all selected entities are retrieved from the knowledge graph and added to the link chart. The originally selected graph items are deselected and the added entities and relationships are selected. When the shortest path includes entities and relationships that were already present in the link chart, these graph items are also selected.

   Because the added entities and relationships are selected, it can be difficult to see the entity and relationship types.

4. Optionally, clear the selection and zoom in to explore the added relationships.

Find paths through specific entities or relationships

The Filtered Find Paths method works in a similar manner as the Find Paths method, except it allows you to selectively traverse or avoid specific entities or relationships.

The Filter Find Path pane is divided into two sections: Add Configuration where you define filters, and Path Configuration where you can view a summary of your configuration. Path Configuration is divided into three categories: Endpoints, Waypoints, and Subgraph. Each path configuration category is described below.

• Endpoints —Endpoints represent the origin and destination entities of a filtered path. You can define all entities of a given type, or specific entities. You can also define multiple origin and destination entities as a filter. You must define at least one origin and destination endpoint.
• Waypoints —Waypoints can be defined as both mandatory or optional. Mandatory waypoints must be defined as specific entities, and will be present on all filtered paths. Optional waypoints can be defined as entity types, relationship types, or specific entities and relationships. Each filtered path result must contain at least one of the defined optional waypoints.
• Subgraph —The subgraph represents filters to exclude or include entity types, relationship types, or specific entities and relationships. The Include Only filter can only be defined as entity or relationship types. The Exclude filter can be a type or specific entities and relationships.

For example, in the graph below, if the origin is the entity E, the destination is the entity C, and the entity B is defined as a mandatory waypoint, the shortest path is the one defined by the highlighted entities and relationships: from E to H to A to B to C. Each entity and relationship is traversed only once and the waypoint filter is satisfied.

As with the Find Paths operation, the algorithm searches for the shortest path between the origin and destination entities that meet the specified requirements. All paths found with the same length as the shortest path are included in the result. Any graph items on the shortest paths that are not already present on the link chart are added and selected. If no paths are found that satisfy the requirements, a message is returned indicating that result.

Each of the path configuration categories, as well as the Add configuration section, can be expanded and collapsed in the Filtered Find Path pane.

Follow the below steps to complete a filtered find path configuration.

1. Open a link chart.
2. On the context toolbar, click Analysis Tools.
3. Click Filtered Find Paths.

   The Filtered Find Paths pane appears.

4. Under Add Configuration, click the Filter drop-down menu and select an endpoint, waypoint, or subgraph filter to add. Origin Entities is selected by default.
5. Click in the Type field and select an origin entity type from the list.
6. Optionally, for an endpoint, click in the Entity field and enter a specific entity or select from the list.
7. Click Add Filter.

   The origin entity is added to the Endpoints section of the Path Configuration.

8. Click the Filter drop-down menu and select Destination Entities.
9. Specify at least one destination entity for the path configuration by repeating steps 5 through 7 above.

   The same entity cannot be identified both as an origin entity and as a destination entity.

10. Add additional origin or destination endpoints as needed.
11. Optionally, under Add Configuration, click the Filter drop-down menu and select a waypoint or subgraph filter to add to your path configuration.
12. Specify the additional filters using the same methods as specifying endpoints.

    Additional filters are added to their respective category in the Path Configuration section of the pane.

    Note:

    The Add Filter button will be unavailable until the specific filter criteria are met. For example, a mandatory waypoint cannot be added until both entity type and specific entity are specified.

13. Optionally, click Clear to clear all path configuration filters.
14. Click Run.

    The shortest paths are evaluated between the origin and destination entities accounting for the specified filters. Entities and relationships included in the paths are retrieved from the knowledge graph and added to the link chart if they are not already present. The originally selected graph items are deselected. The entities and relationships that define all output paths are selected.

Licensing requirements

This tool requires the following user type and configurations:

• Creator, Professional or Professional Plus user type
• Publisher or Administrator role, or an equivalent custom role