Available with Image Server
The Generate Trend Raster tool estimates the trend for each pixel along a dimension for one or more variables in a multidimensional imagery layer.
The output is a hosted imagery layer.
Examples
Example uses of this tool include the following:
- Determine whether a seasonal trend is present in daily precipitation data that has been collected over 10 years using the harmonic trend line option and examine the R-squared goodness of fit statistic.
- Calculate the linear trend line for each pixel for over 40 years of monthly ocean temperature data to see where and how the temperature changed over time.
Usage notes
Generate Trend Raster includes configurations for the input layer, trend settings, and the result layer.
Input layer
The Input layer group includes the following parameters:
- Multidimensional or multiband imagery layer is the imagery layer that will be analyzed. If no imagery layers are available for selection in the tool, add a multidimensional imagery layer to the map.
- Dimension is the statistic that will be extracted. If the input raster is not a multidimensional raster, this parameter is not required.
- Variables are the variables that will be aggregated along the selected dimension. If no variable is specified, all variables with the selected dimension will be aggregated.
Trend settings
The Trend settings group includes the following parameters:
- Trend type indicates the type of analysis that will be performed on pixel values along a dimension.
There are three trend line options for fitting a trend to the variable values along a dimension: linear, harmonic, and polynomial. The three trend fitting options are described below. In addition to the line options, there are two options to determine whether the pixels in the multidimensional imagery layer have a statistically significant trend: Mann-Kendall and Seasonal Mann-Kendall.
- Linear—The linear trend line is a best-fit straight line that is used to estimate simple linear relationships. A linear trend highlights a rate of change that is increasing or decreasing at a steady rate. The formula for the linear trend line is as follows:
- y=The pixel's variable value
- x=The dimension value
- ß0=The y-intercept
ß1=The linear slope or rate of change
ß1>0 indicates an increasing trend
ß1<0 indicates a decreasing trend
- Harmonic—The harmonic trend line is a periodically repeating curved line that is best used to describe data that follows a cyclical pattern, such as seasonal temperature changes. The formula for the harmonic trend line is as follows:
- y=The pixel's variable value
- t=The Julian date
- ß0=The y-intercept
- ß1=The rate of change
- α, γ=Coefficients of inter-annual or intra-annual changes
- ω=i
- f=The harmonic frequency
- Polynomial—The polynomial trend line is a curved line that is useful for data that fluctuates. In this case, a polynomial order value is used to indicate the maximum number of fluctuations that occur. The formula for the polynomial trend line is as follows:
- y=The pixel's variable value
- x=The dimension value
- ß0, ß1, ß2, ß3, ..., ßn=Constant coefficients
Mann-Kendall—Pixels will be evaluated using the Mann-Kendall trend test.
The Mann-Kendall and Seasonal Mann-Kendall tests are used to determine whether there is a monotonic trend in the data. They are nonparametric, meaning they do not assume a specific distribution of data. The Mann-Kendall test does not consider serial correlation or seasonal effects. If the data is seasonal, the Seasonal Mann-Kendall test is more appropriate.- Seasonal Mann-Kendall—Pixel values will be evaluated using the Seasonal Mann-Kendall trend test.
- Linear—The linear trend line is a best-fit straight line that is used to estimate simple linear relationships. A linear trend highlights a rate of change that is increasing or decreasing at a steady rate. The formula for the linear trend line is as follows:
- Length of cycle for harmonic trend analysis is used to indicate the number and length of cycles you expect to see in the data throughout a day or year. For example, if you expect the data to go through two cycles of variation in one year, the length of cycle will be 182.5 days or 0.5 years. If you have temperature data collected every three hours, and there is one cycle of variation per day, the length of cycle is one day.
- Cycle unit is the time unit that will be used for the length of the harmonic cycle.
- Frequency or polynomial order for harmonic trend analysis is used to describe the harmonic model to fit to the data. If the frequency is set to 1, a combination of linear and the first order harmonic curve will be used to fit the model. If the frequency is 2, a combination of linear, first order harmonic curve, and second order harmonic curve will be used to fit the data. If the frequency is 3, an additional third order harmonic curve will be used to model the data, and so on.
- Seasonal period is the time unit that will be used for the length of a seasonal period when using the Seasonal Mann-Kendall test.
- Model statistics specifies the statistics that will be calculated in the output. The options are as follows:
- RMSE—Specifies whether the root mean square error (RMSE) of the trend fit line will be calculated. If selected, RMSE will be calculated and included as one of the bands of the trend imagery layer.
- R-squared—Specifies whether the R-squared goodness-of-fit statistic for the trend fit line will be calculated. If selected, the R-squared value will be calculated and included as one of the bands of the trend imagery layer.
- P-value of slope coefficient—Specifies whether the p-value statistic for the slope coefficient of the trend line will be calculated. If selected, the p-value will be calculated and included as one of the bands of the trend imagery layer.
- Ignore NoData specifies whether the missing values will be ignored in the analysis or considered part of the analysis.
Result layer
The Result layer group includes the following parameters:
- Output name specifies the name of the layer that is created and displayed. The name must be unique. If a layer with the same name already exists in your organization, the tool will fail and you will be prompted to use a different name.
- Save in folder specifies the name of a folder in My content where the result will be saved.
Environments
Analysis environment settings are additional parameters that affect a tool's results. You can access the tool's analysis environment settings from the Environment settings parameter group.
This tool honors the following analysis environments:
- Output coordinate system
- Processing extent
Note:
The default processing extent is Full extent. This default is different from Map Viewer Classic in which Use current map extent is enabled by default.
- Snap raster
- Cell size
- Resampling method
- Parallel processing factor
Outputs
This tool includes the following outputs:
One imagery layer that contains values that estimate the trend for all the pixels if a trend line option was selected.
For linear trend analysis, the output contains a three-band imagery layer as follows:
- Band 1=Slope
- Band 2=Intercept
- Band 3=RMSE or the error around the line of best fit
For Harmonic trend analysis, the number of bands in the output depends on the harmonic frequency. When the frequency is set to 1, the output is a five-band imagery layer as follows:
- Band 1=Slope
- Band 2=Intercept
- Band 3=Harmonic_sin1
- Band 4=Harmonic_cos1
- Band 5=RMSE
When the frequency is set to 2, the output is a seven-band imagery layer as follows:
- Band 1=Slope
- Band 2=Intercept
- Band 3=Harmonic_sin1
- Band 4=Harmonic_cos1
- Band 5=Harmonic_sin2
- Band 6=Harmonic_cos2
- Band 7=RMSE
For Polynomial trend analysis, the number of bands in the output depends on the polynomial order. Second order polynomial fitting produces a four-band imagery layer as follows:
- Band 1=Polynomial_2
- Band 2=Polynomial_1
- Band 3=Polynomial_0
- Band 4=RMSE
Third order polynomial fitting produces a five-band imagery layer as follows:
- Band 1=Polynomial_3
- Band 2=Polynomial_2
- Band 3=Polynomial_1
- Band 4=Polynomial_0
- Band 5=RMSE
If the tool is used to perform either the Mann-Kendall or Seasonal Mann-Kendall test, the output is a five-band imagery layer as follows:
- Band 1=Sen's slope
- Band 2=p-value
- Band 3=Mann-Kendall score (S)
- Band 4=S Variance
- Band 5=Z-score
Usage requirements
This tool requires the following user type and configurations:
- Creator, Professional, or Professional Plus user type
- Publisher or Administrator role, or an equivalent custom role
- ArcGIS Image Server configured for raster analysis
Resources
Use the following resources to learn more:
- Generate Trend Raster in ArcGIS REST API
- generate_trend_raster in ArcGIS API for Python
- Generate Trend Raster in ArcGIS Pro